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Pan-malarial LDH and Adolase: Difference between revisions

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<span style="font-size:90%">>>[[Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)|RDT main page]]''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>>[[Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)|RDT main page]]''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>>>[[RDT_test:_antigens|RDT test antigens]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>>>[[RDT_test:_antigens|RDT test antigens]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">>>>Current page: '''The aldolase antigen'''</span>
<span style="font-size:90%">>>>Current page: '''Pan-malarial antigens'''</span>
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'''Background:'''</br> Plasmodium aldolase (Paldolase) protein is an enzyme that forms part of glycolysis pathways in all malaria species. Since malaria parasites have specific forms, antibodies do not cross-react with human aldolase. Antibodies to these proteins may potentially recognise all species of malaria ”.  
'''Background:'''</br> These two proteins are enzymes related to glycolysis pathways of metabolism active in all malaria species. Since malaria parasites have specific forms of these proteins, antibodies do not cross-react with human aldolase. Antibodies to these proteins therefore have the potential to recognise all species of malaria ”.  


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'''Use of pan-malarial aldolase in RDT tests'''
'''Use of pan-malarial antibodies in RDT tests'''


Outside of Africa, RDT tests often combine a species-specific with a pan-species antibody e.g. HRP2 and aldolase
Outside of Africa, RDT tests often combine a species-specific with a pan-species antibody to combine the specific recognition of a major target (most often ''P.falciparum'') and also allow the more general recognition of all malaria species.


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'''Use in malaria testing'''</br>
'''Use in malaria testing'''</br>
Since aldolase has the potential to detect any species it is attractive in diagnostic tests. However, although aldolase offers good sensitivity for the recognition of ‘’P.falciparum’’ and ‘’P.vivax’’ it is less effective in the detection of other species (particularly when parasite concentration is low).
Both these antigens have similar characteristics in malaia testing and have the potential to detect any species. This makes them ttractive in diagnostic tests. However, although they offer good sensitivity for the recognition of ‘’P.falciparum’’ and ‘’P.vivax’’ they are is less effective in the detection of other species (particularly when parasite concentration is low).


The value of combination tests including a pan-malarial antigen is:</br>
The value of combination tests including a pan-malarial antigen is:</br>
(1) A malarial species may be present that would not be detected by the species-specific antibody. The pan-malarial antibody may detect that species.</br>
(1) Extended specied recognition: the ability to detect species not targetted by the species-specific antibody.</br>
(2) If the species-specific antibody gives a false negative result (for example, [[False negative results and HRP2 gene deletion|gene deletion]] or [[False negative results and the prozone effect|prozone effect]]) then the pan-malarial antibody may still allow the infection to be detected.
(2) Improved sensitivity: if the species-specific antibody gives a false negative result (for example HRP2 gene deletion or prozone effect (see test interpretation) then the pan-malarial antibody may still allow the infection to be detected.
 
In this regard both aldolase and malarial LDH should probably be considered to be equivalent.

Revision as of 09:28, 4 October 2024

Navigation
>Main Malaria Index
 >>RDT main page
 >>>RDT test antigens
>>>Current page: Pan-malarial antigens

Pam-malarial LDH and Pan-malarial aldolase

Background:
These two proteins are enzymes related to glycolysis pathways of metabolism active in all malaria species. Since malaria parasites have specific forms of these proteins, antibodies do not cross-react with human aldolase. Antibodies to these proteins therefore have the potential to recognise all species of malaria ”.

Use of pan-malarial antibodies in RDT tests

Outside of Africa, RDT tests often combine a species-specific with a pan-species antibody to combine the specific recognition of a major target (most often P.falciparum) and also allow the more general recognition of all malaria species.

Use in malaria testing
Both these antigens have similar characteristics in malaia testing and have the potential to detect any species. This makes them ttractive in diagnostic tests. However, although they offer good sensitivity for the recognition of ‘’P.falciparum’’ and ‘’P.vivax’’ they are is less effective in the detection of other species (particularly when parasite concentration is low).

The value of combination tests including a pan-malarial antigen is:
(1) Extended specied recognition: the ability to detect species not targetted by the species-specific antibody.
(2) Improved sensitivity: if the species-specific antibody gives a false negative result (for example HRP2 gene deletion or prozone effect (see test interpretation) then the pan-malarial antibody may still allow the infection to be detected.

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