Species identification: summary page

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>Main malaria Index

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Plasmodium falciparum

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  Early trophozoite

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  Late trophozoite

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  Schizont (rare)

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  Gametocyte

Summary: The ring trophozoites are small and fine with typical accolé forms, multiple parasites per cell, and double dot forms. Red cells aquire characteristic Maurer's dots and clefts in late trophozoites. Schizonts are rarely seen in blood, while gametocytes have are characteristicaly elongated (often curved).
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Plasmodium vivax

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  Early trophozoite

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  Late trophozoite

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  Schizont (rare)

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  Gametocyte

Summary: Large and robust rings may become "amoeboid" in shape during later development. The red cells become increasingly enlarged and distorted and Schüffner's dots are increasingly visible in cytoplams. All forms tend to circulate with large schizont and gametocyte forms present.
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Plasmodium ovale

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  Early trophozoite

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  Late trophozoite

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  Schizont (rare)

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  Gametocyte

Summary: Trophozites tend to retain a ring appearance but are large and robust. Red cells become moderately enlarged and may have oval shape and/or characteristic fimbriation. Expect James' dots to be easily seen in appropriately stained samples. Cases may be difficult to distinguish morphologically from P.vivax.
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Plasmodium malariae

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  Early trophozoite

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  Late trophozoite

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  Schizont (rare)

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  Gametocyte

Summary: The species has small ring forms that are less delicate than P.falciparum and which becoming elongated or solid as parasites mature. Red cells are often small retaining their round shape most often with no added dots. Parasite number is often low, but all forms tend to circulate. Look for the characteristic "daisy" schizonts and small round gametocytes
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Plasmodium knowlesi

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  Early trophozoite

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  Late trophozoite

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  Schizont (rare)

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  Gametocyte

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Brief Summary

• Very limited geographical distribution within S.E Asia
• Small fine ring forms resemble those of P.falciparum and may have high parasite count
• Later rings are more solid or elongated similar to P.malariae, although faint dots may be present
• Schizonts & gametocytes are often present and may resemble P.malariae but are less "neat"
• Characteristically red cell size is unaffected, although distortion may be seen

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