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<span style="font-size:90%">The dots of different species represent parasite proteins that modify red cell function in a range of ways to support parasite development, immun evasion or virulence. Their precise functions are ill defined, but their appearances have value in distinguishing the different species of parasite. The dots require a well-stained specimen to be easily seen!</span>
<span style="font-size:90%">The dots seen in the different malarial species are caused by parasite proteins that are used to modify red cell function in a range of ways to support their development, immune evasion or virulence. The precise functions of dots in different species is poorly understood, but their appearances have substantial value in distinguishing the different species of parasite.</span>
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<span style="font-size:90%>'''Schüffner's dots''' (P.vivax) and '''James' dots)''' (''P.ovale'') are very numerous red/purple dots that become apparent during the early trophzoite as faint dots, then more easily seen in later developmental stages. These two forms of dots are morphologically indistinguishable as frequent evenly-distrubuted round dots of similar size.</span>
<span style="font-size:90%>'''Schüffner's dots''' (P.vivax) and '''James' dots)''' (''P.ovale'') are very numerous red/purple dots that become apparent during the early trophozoite as faint dots, then more easily seen in later developmental stages. The dots are frequent evenly-distributed, round, and ave similar size.</span>
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
File:Schuffner_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Schuffner_dots.jpg}}
File:Schuffner_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Schuffner_dots.jpg}}
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<span style="font-size:90%>'''Ziemann's stippling''' (''P.malariae'') Is not usully seen, but when present appears as faint fine (and inconspicuous) dots in cytoplasm of some ifected erythrocytes.</span>
<span style="font-size:90%>'''Ziemann's stippling''' (''P.malariae'') Is not usually seen, but when present appears as faint fine (and inconspicuous) dots in cytoplasm of some infected erythrocytes.</span>
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<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
File:Ziemann_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Ziemann_dots.jpg}}
File:Ziemann_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Ziemann_dots.jpg}}
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Revision as of 10:42, 6 January 2025


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Cytoplasmic dots

The dots seen in the different malarial species are caused by parasite proteins that are used to modify red cell function in a range of ways to support their development, immune evasion or virulence. The precise functions of dots in different species is poorly understood, but their appearances have substantial value in distinguishing the different species of parasite.


Schüffner's dots (P.vivax) and James' dots) (P.ovale) are very numerous red/purple dots that become apparent during the early trophozoite as faint dots, then more easily seen in later developmental stages. The dots are frequent evenly-distributed, round, and ave similar size.


Maurer's dots and clefts (P.falciparum) are blue/purple coloured and are not acquired until the late trophozoite stage of parasite development, are fewer in number than Schüffner's or James' dots and may appear as dots, clefts or plaques. The Sinton and Mulligan's stippling of P.knowlesi may appear similar to Maurer's dots.


Ziemann's stippling (P.malariae) Is not usually seen, but when present appears as faint fine (and inconspicuous) dots in cytoplasm of some infected erythrocytes.