RDT test: antigens: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: none; border-width: 2px; border-color: gainsboro; color:black" |colspan="1" style = "font-size:100%; color:black; background: gainsboro |'''THE ANTIGENS''' |} <div style="width: 95%; font-size:90%;"> {| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black" !colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%;">'''1. Species-specific antigens:''' these d...") |
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'''Navigation'''</br> | |||
<span style="font-size:90%">[[MalariaETC Index|Main Malaria Index]]''</span></br> | |||
<span style="font-size:90%">>[[Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)|RDT main page]]''</span></br> | |||
<span style="font-size:90%">>>This page: '''The RDT antigens'''</span> | |||
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<span style="font-size:160%; color:navy">RDT Test antigens: review of advantages and disadvantages</br></span> | |||
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<span style="font-size:90%">'''Overview'''</br></br>Several forms of malarial protein may be used to identify malaria based on their expression or structure. For example, the HRP2 protein used to identify ''Plasmodium falciparum'' has specific functions for that parasite and HRP2 is not found in other malarial species (or humans) so has high specificity for the diagnosis of ''P.falciparum''. Other proteins are outwardly less specific, with the major examples forming part of metabolic pathways active in both humans and malaria (lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase). However, for these proteins there are clear structural differences between human and parasite forms of these proteins, and in some cases also between the different malarial species. These different structural featues give rise to antigenic epitopses that can be used to identify malarial parasites as a group (pan-malarial antigens) or distinguish different malarial species (species specific antigens).</br></br></span> | |||
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<span style="font-size:90%">'''Malaria-species-specific antigens'''</br></br>These are expressed only by specific malaria species; and can therefore be used to identify these species. Two malaria-specific antigens are widely employed in RDT assays. These are:</br></br>(1) Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2): An antigen that is specific for ''P.falciparum'' - [[Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)|Click for details of HRP2]]</br>(2) Detects lactate dehydrogenase epitopes that are specific for either ''P.falciparum'' (PfLDH) or ''P.vivax'' (PvLDH) [[Species-specific forms of lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH and PvLDH)|Click for details of PfLDH or PvLDH]]</br></br></br>'''Malaria pan-specific antigens used in RDT tests'''</br></br>Protein antigens found in all malaria species (but not humans) are called "pan specific". This means they can be used to identify the presence of malaria, although without any species specificity. There are two protein main antigens that are used for this purpose. These may:</br></br>(1) Lactate dehydrogenase epitopes that are present on all malaria species (pan-malarial LDH or pLDH)</br>(2) Aldolase epitopes found in all malarial species but not humans (pan-malarial aldolase) | |||
<span style="font-size:90%">[[pan-malarial LDH and Adolase|Click for details of pan-malarial LDH and aldolase]]</br> | |||
Latest revision as of 23:00, 17 March 2025
Navigation
Main Malaria Index
>RDT main page
>>This page: The RDT antigens
RDT Test antigens: review of advantages and disadvantages
Overview Malaria-species-specific antigens |