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<span style="font-size:90%">[[Index|back]]</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">[[RDT Quiz A Q1|Go to Previous Question]]</span></br>
 
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|colspan="1" style = "font-size:130%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:black>'''RDT Quiz A Q2'''</span>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; border-color:teal"
</br><span style="font-size:90%">Shown below is an RDT test. This uses a pan-malarial antibody (labelled Pan) and a ''P.falciparum'' species-specific antibody (labelled Sp). The test has been used to assess a patient and the positive bands are shown on the figure.</span>
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:130%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:black>'''RDT Quiz A'''</span>
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=80px heights=250px>
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File:RDT multi fail4.jpg|link={{filepath:RDT multi fail4.jpg}}
</gallery>
<quiz display=simple>
<quiz display=simple>
{1. Which '''TWO''' malarial species are most likely to be detected when using an appropriate RDT test (make two selections)?
{<span style="font-size:90%">Which of the following interpretations can be made from this result? ('''select one or more options''')</span></br></br>
|type="[]"}
|type="[]"}
+ ''P.falciparum''
- <span style="font-size:90%">Single species: ''P.falciparum''
+ ''P.vivax''
- <span style="font-size:90%">Single species non-''P.falciparum''
- ''P.ovale''
- <span style="font-size:90%">Two species including ''P.falciparum''
- ''P.malariae''
- <span style="font-size:90%">Two species not including ''P.falciparum''
- ''P.knowlesi''
- <span style="font-size:90%">''P.falciparum'' with ''HRP2'' deletion
+ <span style="font-size:90%">This test cannot be reported
</quiz>
</quiz>


{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable"
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Explanation of correct answer (click "Expand")
! colspan="1" | <span style="font-size:90%">Explanation of correct answer (click "Expand")
|-
|-
|</b><span style="font-size:90%">The different malaria species are detected with different sensitivity. The table below provides an overall summary of the sensitivity that can be expected for RDT tests when suitable species-specific together with pan-malarial antibodies are used. The table is only a broad summary. </span></br></br>
|<span style="font-size:90%">'Short answer taken from section "Multi-line RDT Interpretation" (see the section for full details and links)''.</br></br>'''When no band appears in the control area (black arrow) the test is ALWAYS invalid</span>:'''</br></br>


<div style="width:100%; font-size:90%;">
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=50px heights=140px>
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black; font-size:90%;"
File:RDT_multi_fail1.jpg|<span style="font-size:90%"></span>|link={{filepath:RDT_multi_fail1.jpg}}
!colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%">''' ''P.falciparum<sup>1</sup> '''</br>
File:RDT_multi_fail2.jpg|<span style="font-size:90%"></span>|link={{filepath:RDT_multi_fail1.jpg}}
|-
File:RDT_multi_fail3.jpg|<span style="font-size:90%"></span>|link={{filepath:RDT_multi_fail1.jpg}}
!colspan="1" style = "background:white; border:solid; border-width: 1px; color:black"|<span style="font-size:90%">At high parasitaemia expect high sensitivity (90-95%). This declines when parasite levels are lower (45-70%)<sup>2</sup>
File:RDT_multi_fail4.jpg|<span style="font-size:90%"></span>|link={{filepath:RDT_multi_fail1.jpg}}
|-
</gallery>
!colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%;">''' ''P.vivax'' '''</span></br>
<span style="font-size:90%">Irrespective of whether any other bands are present, this is always an invalid test: '''do not interpret.''' Report as failed test</br>Action:</span>  
|-
*<span style="font-size:90%">Repeat the test</br></span>
!colspan="1" style = "background:white; border:solid; border-width: 1px; color:black"|<span style="font-size:90%">Expect moderate to high sensitivity at high parasitaemia (70-90%). This declines markedly when parasite levels are lower (30-60%)<sup>2</sup>
*<span style="font-size:90%">Consider the reasons for test failure</span>
|-
!colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%;">''' ''P.ovale & P.malarae'' '''</span></br>
|-
!colspan="1" style = "background:white; border:solid; border-width: 1px; color:black"|<span style="font-size:90%">Generally sensitivity is poor (approximately half the sensitivity shown for ''P.vivax'')
|-
!colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%;">''' ''P.knowlesi''<sup>3</sup> '''</span></br>
|-
!colspan="1" style = "background:white; border:solid; border-width: 1px; color:black"|<span style="font-size:90%">Reports suggest variable sensitivity that may depend on test used, RDTs are reported tp detect this species well when parasitaemia is high.
|-
|}
</div>
<span style="font-size:80%">Notes:</br></span>
<span style="font-size:80%"><sup>1</sup> HRP2 mutation mean that in some geographical areas the diagnostic sensitivity may be significantly lower for HRP2-based tests (see below)</br></span>
<span style="font-size:80%"><sup>2</sup> Low parasite number is considered as (<1000 parasites/μL) a level that may cause symptoms in children or non-immune travellers</br></span>
<span style="font-size:80%"><sup>3</sup> There have been relatively few studies with this species so caution is required in RDT interpretation</br></span>
</br>
</br>
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|colspan="1" style = "font-size:90%; color:black|<span style="color:black>[[RDT_Quiz_A_Q2|Go to next question (2 of 5)]]</span>
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Latest revision as of 10:24, 26 November 2024

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RDT Quiz A Q2


Shown below is an RDT test. This uses a pan-malarial antibody (labelled Pan) and a P.falciparum species-specific antibody (labelled Sp). The test has been used to assess a patient and the positive bands are shown on the figure.

Which of the following interpretations can be made from this result? (select one or more options)

Single species: P.falciparum
Single species non-P.falciparum
Two species including P.falciparum
Two species not including P.falciparum
P.falciparum with HRP2 deletion
This test cannot be reported


Explanation of correct answer (click "Expand")
'Short answer taken from section "Multi-line RDT Interpretation" (see the section for full details and links).

When no band appears in the control area (black arrow) the test is ALWAYS invalid:

Irrespective of whether any other bands are present, this is always an invalid test: do not interpret. Report as failed test
Action:

  • Repeat the test
  • Consider the reasons for test failure


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