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Pan-specific antigens in RDTs: Difference between revisions

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|colspan="1" style = "font-size:110%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''Use of pan-malarial antigen RDTs in diagnosis'''</span>
|colspan="1" style = "font-size:110%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:navy>'''Pan-malarial antigens'''</span>
 
 
'''Background:'''</br> Plasmodium aldolase (Paldolase) and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (PLDH) are part of glycolysis pathways in all malaria species. Since malaria parasites have specific forms, antibodies do not cross-react with human aldolase or LDH. Antibodies to these proteins may potentially recognise all species of malaria and are known as “pan-malaria specific antibodies”. These are:</br>


Background
Plasmodium aldolase (Paldolase) and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (PLDH) are part of glycolysis pathways of all malaria species. Parasites have specific forms so antibodies do not cross-react with human aldolase or LDH. Antibodies to these proteins may potentially recognise all species of malaria and are known as “pan-malaria specific antibodies”. The two forms are probably equally useful:
*Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (PpanLDH)
*Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (PpanLDH)
*Plasmodium aldolase (Paldolase)
*Plasmodium aldolase (Paldolase)
Outside of Africa, the most frequently used malaria MDT combines a species-specific with a pan-species antibody e.g. HRP2/LDH or HRP2/aldolase.


Use in malaria testing
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The potential of pan-malarial antibody tests to detect any species of malaria makes the proteins attractive in the general detection of any forma of malaria. ‘’’However’’’ their performance is not ideal since although both offer good sensitivity for the recognition of ‘’P.falciparum’’ and ‘’P.vivax’’ they are less effective in the detection of other species (particularly at lower parasite concentrations.) so they provide limited confidence when used alone.
 
Their use in combination tests is helpful when:
'''Use of Pan-malarial antifgens in RDT tests'''
(1) A malarial species may be present that would not be detected by the species-specific antibody. The pan-malarial antibody may detect that species.
 
(2) If the species-specific antibody gives a false negative result (for example, gene deletion or prozone effect) then the pan-malarial antibody may still allow the infection to be detected.
Outside of Africa, the most frequently used form of malaria RDT combines a species-specific with a pan-species antibody e.g. HRP2/LDH or HRP2/aldolase
 
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'''Use in malaria testing'''</br>
Since pan-malarial antibody tests have the potential to detect any species of malaria they are attractive in diagnostic tests. However, thisusefulness is limited since although both offer good sensitivity for the recognition of ‘’P.falciparum’’ and ‘’P.vivax’’ they are less effective in the detection of other species (particularly at lower parasite concentrations).
 
Their use in combination tests is helpful when:</br>
(1) A malarial species may be present that would not be detected by the species-specific antibody. The pan-malarial antibody may detect that species.</br>
(2) If the species-specific antibody gives a false negative result (for example, [[False negative results and HRP2 gene deletion|gene deletion]] or [[False negative results and the prozone effect|prozone effect]]) then the pan-malarial antibody may still allow the infection to be detected.
 
----

Latest revision as of 10:02, 29 August 2024

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Pan-malarial antigens


Background:
Plasmodium aldolase (Paldolase) and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (PLDH) are part of glycolysis pathways in all malaria species. Since malaria parasites have specific forms, antibodies do not cross-react with human aldolase or LDH. Antibodies to these proteins may potentially recognise all species of malaria and are known as “pan-malaria specific antibodies”. These are:

  • Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (PpanLDH)
  • Plasmodium aldolase (Paldolase)

Use of Pan-malarial antifgens in RDT tests

Outside of Africa, the most frequently used form of malaria RDT combines a species-specific with a pan-species antibody e.g. HRP2/LDH or HRP2/aldolase

Use in malaria testing
Since pan-malarial antibody tests have the potential to detect any species of malaria they are attractive in diagnostic tests. However, thisusefulness is limited since although both offer good sensitivity for the recognition of ‘’P.falciparum’’ and ‘’P.vivax’’ they are less effective in the detection of other species (particularly at lower parasite concentrations).

Their use in combination tests is helpful when:
(1) A malarial species may be present that would not be detected by the species-specific antibody. The pan-malarial antibody may detect that species.
(2) If the species-specific antibody gives a false negative result (for example, gene deletion or prozone effect) then the pan-malarial antibody may still allow the infection to be detected.

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