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<span style="font-size:90%">The dots of different species represent parasite proteins that modify red cell function in a range of ways to support parasite development, immune evasion or virulence. Their precise functions are ill-defined, but their appearances have value in distinguishing the different species of parasite. The dots require a well-stained specimen to be easily seen!</span>
<span style="font-size:90%">The dots found in the different species are parasite-derived proteins that modify the function of red cells in a range of ways that support parasite development, immune evasion or virulence. The precise functions of the dots in different pages are ill defined, but their appearances have value in distinguishing the different species of parasite. The dots require a well-stained specimen to be easily seen!</span>
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<span style="font-size:90%>'''Schüffner's dots''' (P.vivax) and '''James' dots)''' (''P.ovale'') are very numerous red/purple fine red stippling that becomes apparent during the early trophzoite as faint structures, then are more easily seen in later developmental stages. These two forms of dot are morphologically indistinguishable, appearing as frequent evenly-distrubuted round stipples of similar size.</span>
<span style="font-size:90%>'''Schüffner's dots''' (P.vivax) and '''James' dots)''' (''P.ovale'') become apparent during the early trophzoite as faint dots then to be easily seen in later stages. These two forms of dots are morphologically indistinguishable as frequent evenly-distrubuted round dots od similar size.</span>
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
File:Schuffner_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Schuffner_dots.jpg}}
File:Schuffner_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Schuffner_dots.jpg}}
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<span style="font-size:90%>'''Maurer's dots and clefts''' (''P.falciparum'') are blue/purple coloured and are not acquired until the late trophozoite stage of parasite development, are fewer in number than Schüffner's or James' dots and may appear as dots, clefts or plaques. The '''Sinton and Mulligan's stippling''' of ''P.knowlesi'' may appear similar to Maurer's dots.</span>
<span style="font-size:90%>'''Maurer's dots and clefts''' (''P.falciparum'') are blue/purple coloured and are not acquired until the late trophozoite stage of parasite development. They are less consistently "dot-like" and may appear as dots, clefts or plaques. '''Sinton and Mulligan's stippling''' (''P.knowlesi'') may appear similar.</span>
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
File:Maurer_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Maurer_dots.jpg}}
File:Maurer_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Maurer_dots.jpg.jpg}}
File:Sinton_Mulligan_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Sinton_Mulligan_dots.jpg}}
File:Sinton_Mulligan_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Sinton_Mulligan_dots.jpg}}
</gallery>
</gallery>
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<span style="font-size:90%>'''Ziemann's stippling''' (''P.malariae'') is not usully seen, but when present appears as faint fine (and inconspicuous) dots in cytoplasm of some infected erythrocytes.</span>
<span style="font-size:90%>'''Ziemann's stippling''' (''P.malariae'') Is not usully seen, but when present appears as faint fine (and inconspicuous) dots in cytoplasm of some ifected erythrocytes.</span>
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220px" heights="220px" >
File:Ziemann_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Ziemann_dots.jpg}}
File:Ziemann_dots.jpg|link={{filepath:Ziemann_dots.jpg}}
</gallery>
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 11:13, 22 March 2025


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Cytoplasmic dots

The dots found in the different species are parasite-derived proteins that modify the function of red cells in a range of ways that support parasite development, immune evasion or virulence. The precise functions of the dots in different pages are ill defined, but their appearances have value in distinguishing the different species of parasite. The dots require a well-stained specimen to be easily seen!


Schüffner's dots (P.vivax) and James' dots) (P.ovale) become apparent during the early trophzoite as faint dots then to be easily seen in later stages. These two forms of dots are morphologically indistinguishable as frequent evenly-distrubuted round dots od similar size.


Maurer's dots and clefts (P.falciparum) are blue/purple coloured and are not acquired until the late trophozoite stage of parasite development. They are less consistently "dot-like" and may appear as dots, clefts or plaques. Sinton and Mulligan's stippling (P.knowlesi) may appear similar.


Ziemann's stippling (P.malariae) Is not usully seen, but when present appears as faint fine (and inconspicuous) dots in cytoplasm of some ifected erythrocytes.