Biology Quiz A Q1: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:38, 21 March 2025

Malaria Biology Quiz A Q1

Following a mosquito bite the newly introduced malarial parasite will first enter the liver cells and replicate - only after this period of replication are they released into blood. In some species parasites may remain dormant in this liver stage (as a "hypnozoite"). Malaria parasites that form hypnozoites can re-emerge to cause a late or recurrent infection after weeks, months or perhaps longer, but this is a feature of only some species.

Explanation of correct answer (click "Expand").
Short answer taken from section "Initial Infection in the Malaria Biology page" (see the section for full details and links). The hepatic stage is the period where parasites begin to replicate and cause infection - this corresponds to an incubation period before symptoms begin; this will typically last between 1-4 weeks, and during this time parasites will not be detected in blood. For two malaria species ( *P.ovale* and *P.vivax* ) the hepatic stage may lie dormant for a period of time - this is the hynozoite (“sleeping animal”). This hyponozoite may reactivate - typically in less than a year although occasionally longer, causing clinical malaria symptoms long after the initial infection.

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 {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; border-style: solid; border-width: 2px; border-color:teal"
 |colspan="1" style = "font-size:130%; color:black; background: FFFAFA"|<span style="color:black>'''Malaria Biology Quiz A Q1'''</span>
-</br><span style="font-size:90%">RDT tests use specific antibodies to identify the malaria species. But are these tests equally effective for diagnosing all species?</br></br></span>
+</br><span style="font-size:90%">Following a mosquito bite the newly introduced malarial parasite will first enter the liver cells and replicate - only after this period of replication are they released into blood. In some species parasites may remain dormant in this liver stage (as a "hypnozoite"). Malaria parasites that form hypnozoites can re-emerge to cause a late or recurrent infection after weeks, months or perhaps longer, but this is a feature of only some species. </br></br></span>
-<gallery mode="nolines" widths=1300px heights=200px>
+<gallery mode="nolines" widths=300px heights=200px>
-File:Liver2.jpg|link={{filepath:Liver2.jpg}}
+File:Liver_2.jpg|link={{filepath:Liver_2.jpg}}
 </gallery>
+----
 <quiz display=simple>
-{<span style="font-size:90%">When using an appropriate RDT tests which species are identified with good sensitivity (80-90%)? '''Make two selections'''</br></br>
+{<span style="font-size:90%">In which species can late infection emerge from dormant parasites in liver? '''Make one or more selections'''</br></br>
 |type="[]"}
-+<span style="font-size:90%"> ''P.falciparum''
+-<span style="font-size:90%"> ''P.falciparum''
 +<span style="font-size:90%"> ''P.vivax''
--<span style="font-size:90%"> ''P.ovale''
++<span style="font-size:90%"> ''P.ovale''
 -<span style="font-size:90%"> ''P.malariae''
 -<span style="font-size:90%"> ''P.knowlesi''
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 ! colspan="1" |<span style="font-size:90%">Explanation of correct answer (click "Expand").</span>
 |-
-|</b> <span style="font-size:90%">''Short answer taken from section "Main RDT page" (see the section for full details and links)''.</br></br>The different malaria species are detected with different sensitivity. The table below provides an overall summary of the sensitivity that can be expected for RDT tests (the specific section in the main section provides more detail)''.</span></br></br>
+|</b> <span style="font-size:90%">''Short answer taken from section "Initial Infection in the Malaria Biology page" (see the section for full details and links)''.</br></br>The hepatic stage is the period where parasites begin to replicate and cause infection - this corresponds to an incubation period before symptoms begin; this will typically last between 1-4 weeks, and during this time parasites will not be detected in blood. For two malaria species (''' ''P.ovale'' ''' and ''' ''P.vivax'' ''') the hepatic stage may lie dormant for a period of time - this is the hynozoite (“sleeping animal”). This hyponozoite may reactivate - typically in less than a year although occasionally longer, causing clinical malaria symptoms long after the initial infection.
-<div style="width:100%; font-size:90%;">
-{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; color:black; font-size:90%;"
-!colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%">''' ''P.falciparum'''</br>
-|-
-!colspan="1" style = "background:white; border:solid; border-width: 1px; color:black"|<span style="font-size:90%">At high parasitaemia expect high sensitivity (90-95%). This declines when parasite levels are lower (45-70%)
-|-
-!colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%;">''' ''P.vivax'' '''</span></br>
-|-
-!colspan="1" style = "background:white; border:solid; border-width: 1px; color:black"|<span style="font-size:90%">Expect moderate to high sensitivity at high parasitaemia (70-90%). This declines markedly when parasite levels are lower (30-60%)
-|-
-!colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%;">''' ''P.ovale & P.malarae'' '''</span></br>
-|-
-!colspan="1" style = "background:white; border:solid; border-width: 1px; color:black"|<span style="font-size:90%">Generally sensitivity is poor (approximately half the sensitivity shown for ''P.vivax'')
-|-
-!colspan="1" style = "background:#e1f1fd; border:solid; border-width: 3px;"|<span style="font-size:90%;">''' ''P.knowlesi'' '''</span></br>
-|-
-!colspan="1" style = "background:white; border:solid; border-width: 1px; color:black"|<span style="font-size:90%">Reports suggest variable sensitivity that may depend on test used, RDTs are reported tp detect this species well when parasitaemia is high.
-|-
-|}
-</div>
 |}
 {| class="wikitable" style="width:300px; border-left:solid 4px navy;border-right:solid 4px navy;border-top:solid 4px navy;border-bottom:solid 4px navy; font-size:100%; color:navy; align:center"
 |colspan="1" style = "font-size:90%; color:black|<span style="color:black>[[Biology_Quiz_A_Q2|Go to next question (2 of 5)]]</span>
+|}

Biology Quiz A Q1: Difference between revisions

From MalariaETC

Latest revision as of 09:38, 21 March 2025