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Plasmodium knowlesi: Morphology: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with " ---- '''Geographical distribution''' Rarely, since it is acquired only from monkey host in forest or forest-fringe in S.E.Asia with no human to human spread It is important to recognise this parasite however, since it has rapid division (each 24 hours), and may have high-parasitaemia with the potential for rapidly developing life threatening disease. Detailed geographical information may be accessed here: [https://map.ox.ac.uk/country-profiles/#!/ Malaria Atlas Proj...")
 
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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 60%; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; border-color: gainsboro; color:black"
|style = "font-size:110%; color:black; background: gainsboro |'''Navigation'''</br>
|-
|<span style="font-size:110%">>[[MalariaETC Index|Main malaria Index]]''</span></br>
|-
|<span style="font-size:110%">>[[Species_identification:_summary_page|Main Species identification page]]''</span></br>
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|}
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<span style="font-size:120%; color:black">''' ''Plasmodium knowlesi'' '''</br></span>
'''Geographical distribution'''
</br>
 
<span style="font-size:90%">'''Geographical distribution: '''Rarely seen, since it is acquired only from monkey host in forest or forest-fringe in S.E.Asia with no human to human spread. It is important to recognise this parasite however as travellers from affected areas may contract this species which has rapid division (each 24 hours) and may have high-parasitaemia with the potential for life threatening disease.</span>
Rarely, since it is acquired only from monkey host in forest or forest-fringe in S.E.Asia with no human to human spread It is important to recognise this parasite however, since it has rapid division (each 24 hours), and may have high-parasitaemia with the potential for rapidly developing life threatening disease.
 
Detailed geographical information may be accessed here: [https://map.ox.ac.uk/country-profiles/#!/ Malaria Atlas Project].
 


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'''The early trophozoite'''
</br><span style="font-size:100%">'''The early trophozoite'''</span></br>
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=220px heights=220px>
File:PKETanno.jpg|link={{filepath:PKETc.jpg}}
File:PKET1a.jpg|link={{filepath:PKET1a.jpg}}
</gallery>
<br clear=all>
<br clear=all>
[[File:PKET.jpg|rleftt|220px|link={{filepath:PKET.jpg}}]]
</br>
<br clear=all>
<span style="font-size:90%">Early trophozoites will generally be present and broadly resemble ''P.falciparum.''
 
*<span style="font-size:90%">[[Rings_PK|Ring forms]] are small and relatively fine (1/3 to 1/2 of erythrocyte diameter)  
 
*<span style="font-size:90%">Occasional forms are non-vacuolated and [[double dots_PK|double dots]] may occur at opposite poles
*Generally present and most resemble ''P.falciparum''
*<span style="font-size:90%">[[Multiple infection_PK|Multiple parasite]] infection of cells frequent, but accolé forms rare or absent
*Small (1/3 to 1/2 of erythrocyte) relatively fine
*<span style="font-size:90%">No size change, stippling or pigment at this stage
*Occasionally non -vacuolated
</br>
*Double dots may be seen often at opposite poles
'''GALLERY:'''
*Multiple infection is cells frequent, but accolé forms rare or absent
[[P.knowlesi early trophozoites gallery|''P.knowlesi'' early trophozoites]]
*No size change, stippling or pigment at this stage
 
 
 
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'''The late trophozoite'''
</br><span style="font-size:110%">'''The late trophozoite'''</span></br>
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=220px heights=220px>
File:PKLTanno.jpg|link={{filepath:PKLTc.jpg}}
File:PKLT1.jpg|link={{filepath:PKLT1.jpg}}
</gallery>
<br clear=all>
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[[File:PKLT.jpg|left|220px|link={{filepath:PMLT.jpg}}]]
</br>
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<span style="font-size:90%">Late trophozoites are usually present and share features with either ''P.malariae'' or ''P.falciparum.''
 
*<span style="font-size:90%">May have a solid or band-form, but generally retain a vacuole
 
*<span style="font-size:90%">Acquiring [[Pigment_PK|malaria pigment]] at late stages, may be separate or clumped
*Usually present and most closely resemble ''P.malariae''
*Occasional sparse dots may seen ([[Sinton or Mulligan's stippling_Pk|Sinton or Mulligan's stippling]])
*May be dense amoeboid or band-form, but generally retain a vacuole
*Acquiring pigment at late stages, may be separate or clumped
*Occasional sparse dots may seen (Sinton or Mulligan's stippling)
*Red cell size generally unaffected
*Red cell size generally unaffected
 
</br>
 
'''GALLERY:'''
 
[[P.knowlesi late trophozoites gallery|''P.knowlesi'' late trophozoites]]
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'''The schizont'''
</br><span style="font-size:110%">'''The schizont'''</span></br>
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=220px heights=220px>
File:PKSanno.jpg|link={{filepath:PKSc.jpg}}
File:PKS1.jpg|link={{filepath:PKS1.jpg}}
</gallery>
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[[File:PKS.jpg|leftt|220px|link={{filepath:PKS.jpg}}]]
</br>
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<span style="font-size:90%">Present in mast cases partly resemble an "untidy" ''P.malariae''</span>
 
*<span style="font-size:90%">Up to 16 merozoites (a low number but exceeds ''P.malariae'')  
 
*<span style="font-size:90%">Merozoites do not generally fill the erythrocyte, and may be irregular or grape-like.  
*Present in mast cases partly resemble ''P.malariae''  
*<span style="font-size:90%">Erythrocyte not enlarged may be a irregular.  
*Up to 16 merozoites (exceeds ''P.malariae'')  
*<span style="font-size:90%">[[Sinton or Mulligan's stippling_Pk|Sinton or Mulligan's stippling]] may be seen.
*Do not generally fill the erythrocyte,.may be irregular or grape-like.  
</br>
*Erythrocyte not enlarged may be a irregular.  
'''GALLERY:'''
*Dots are often seen.
[[P.knowlesi Schizonts gallery|''P.knowlesi'' schizonts]]
 
 
 
 
----
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'''The gametocyte'''
</br><span style="font-size:110%">'''The gametocyte'''</span></br>
 
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=220px heights=220px>
File:PKGanno.jpg|link={{filepath:PKGc.jpg}}
File:PKG1.jpg|link={{filepath:PKG1.jpg}}
</gallery>
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[[File:PMG.jpg|left|220px|link={{filepath:PMG.jpg}}]]
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*<span style="font-size:90%">Gametocytes tend to be regular and round in shape.
 
*<span style="font-size:90%">The parasites are small and do not generally fill the erythrocyte
 
*<span style="font-size:90%">Haemoglobin is absent and pigment overlies the gametocyte  -
*Gametocytes tend to be regular and round in shape.
</br>
*The parasites are small and do not generally fill the erythrocyte
'''GALLERY:'''
*Haemoglobin is absent and pigment overlies the gametocyte   
[[P.knowlesi Gametoytes gallery|''P.knowlesi'' gametocytes]]
 
</div>
 
 
----
 
'''Gallery'''
 
[[PLASMODIUM MALARIAE Gallery|Click here to see gallery of ''Plasmodium malariae'' forms]]
 
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Latest revision as of 21:28, 7 February 2025

Navigation
>Main malaria Index
>Main Species identification page

Plasmodium knowlesi

Geographical distribution: Rarely seen, since it is acquired only from monkey host in forest or forest-fringe in S.E.Asia with no human to human spread. It is important to recognise this parasite however as travellers from affected areas may contract this species which has rapid division (each 24 hours) and may have high-parasitaemia with the potential for life threatening disease.


The early trophozoite



Early trophozoites will generally be present and broadly resemble P.falciparum.

  • Ring forms are small and relatively fine (1/3 to 1/2 of erythrocyte diameter)
  • Occasional forms are non-vacuolated and double dots may occur at opposite poles
  • Multiple parasite infection of cells frequent, but accolé forms rare or absent
  • No size change, stippling or pigment at this stage


GALLERY: P.knowlesi early trophozoites


The late trophozoite



Late trophozoites are usually present and share features with either P.malariae or P.falciparum.

  • May have a solid or band-form, but generally retain a vacuole
  • Acquiring malaria pigment at late stages, may be separate or clumped
  • Occasional sparse dots may seen (Sinton or Mulligan's stippling)
  • Red cell size generally unaffected


GALLERY: P.knowlesi late trophozoites


The schizont



Present in mast cases partly resemble an "untidy" P.malariae

  • Up to 16 merozoites (a low number but exceeds P.malariae)
  • Merozoites do not generally fill the erythrocyte, and may be irregular or grape-like.
  • Erythrocyte not enlarged may be a irregular.
  • Sinton or Mulligan's stippling may be seen.


GALLERY: P.knowlesi schizonts


The gametocyte



  • Gametocytes tend to be regular and round in shape.
  • The parasites are small and do not generally fill the erythrocyte
  • Haemoglobin is absent and pigment overlies the gametocyte -


GALLERY: P.knowlesi gametocytes

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